2012年5月2日,美國跨區訴訟司法委員會(Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation,JPML)做出裁定(In re Bear Creek Technologies, Inc., MDL No. 2344),將與Bear Creek Technologies, Inc.公司(下稱BCT)所擁有美國專利編號US 7,889,722之專利權利相關的14件待審理之專利訴訟案件,進行移轉管轄至德拉瓦州聯邦地院來集中進行(centralization)其預審程序(pretrial proceedings),分別有:繫訟之德拉瓦州聯邦地院(10起)、北喬治亞州聯邦地院(1起)、東維吉尼亞州聯邦地院(3起)。
JPML之職責是決定繫訟在不同聯邦法院中待審理、涉及共同事實問題之民事案件,是否應移轉管轄至單一法院進行聯合預審程序,並指派進行預審之法官或法庭。
以從事電信通訊技術與軟體開發為主要業務的Bear Creek Technologies公司,在2011年間、針對美國多家電信公司(Vonage、AT&T、T-Mobile、Time Warner Cable、Cox、Aptela等)所提供之VoIP(Voice over Internet Protocol)網路電話服務,向不同管轄地區之聯邦法院提起專利侵權告訴,控告相關服務直接或間接侵犯系爭專利之權利。
BCT希望上述繫訟於不同管轄法院之案件,可以集中預審(在進行實質聽證審理程序前,就法律與事實問題進行初步判斷),但部分被告並不同意這項動作,並指出2011年美國專利法修正(America Invents Act)所增設的第299條(35 U.S.C. §299),其規定僅是主張侵犯同一項專利並不能讓該複數被告成為單一案件之共同被告,而該項規定排除了本案中不同案件移轉管轄進行集中預審的可能。不過,JPML認為上述修法並未改變其裁定之權限,集中預審並未將複數案件之個別被告整合成單一案件之共同被告,個別案件之審理仍是分別進行,所以JPML裁定權限不受影響。
此外,JPML亦未採納部分被告所主張,裁定集中預審會讓不實施法人(non-practicing entities, NPEs)依此途徑來規避上述專利法修法所設下之限制,以及本案所涉被告具備不同產業背景(網路、電信、有線電視等)而不宜集中預審等論理,而強調集中預審之目的在於提升訴訟案件之經濟效率,並避免不一致的預審結果。
本案系爭專利名稱為「將標準電話通訊設備與網際網路互聯之系統(System for interconnecting standard telephony communications equipment to internet protocol networks)」,發明人為BCT之創辦人Joseph B. Thompson,於2011年2月核發。(863字;表3)
表一、請求項解析
US 7,889,722 請求項1 |
1. Apparatus comprising:
一項裝置包括 |
an Internet phone server (Fig.1 - 41) capable of being in communication with an originating phone device (Fig.1 - 10), the originating phone device being capable of both dialing a given destination number of a given destination device (Fig.1 - 60) and thereby initiating a given call between the originating phone device and the given destination device, an auditory dial tone being caused at the originating phone device when the originating phone device is in an off-hook state and operatively connected to the Internet phone server, the given call including transmission of transmitted media between the originating phone device and the given destination device;
可以與起始電話裝置進行通訊之網路電話伺服器,起始電話裝置可以撥號並開始與目的電話裝置之通話,同時會有撥號音產生,即使起始電話裝置處於未掛上的狀態並與網路電話伺服器連結,而前述通話包括在起始與目的電話裝置間所進行之傳送媒體轉換 |
a first media converter configured to convert the transmitted media for the given call received from the originating phone device, to transmitted IP addressed media;
第一個媒體轉換器是用來轉換接收來自起始電話裝置之通話的傳送媒體,成為具備IP位址之傳送媒體 |
a destination number determination mechanism configured to determine a given destination number of the given call placed by the originating phone device;
用來決定起始電話裝置為進行通話所撥打之目的號碼的目的號碼決定機制 |
an IP versus another phone network discriminator configured to determine, after the transmitted media is converted by the first media converter to the transmitted IP addressed media, whether a given destination phone device addressed by the given destination number resides on an IP addressed network, for which the transmitted IP addressed media is converted by the first media converter, or resides on another phone network;
鑑別IP網路與其他電話網路之鑑別器,其在傳送媒體被轉換成具備IP位址之傳送媒體後,用以決定目的號碼所指向之目的電話裝置是在具備IP位址的網際網路上,或者是在其他電話網路上 |
a second media converter configured to convert the transmitted IP addressed media of the given call to another network signal suitable for another phone network when the discriminator determines that the given destination number resides on the other phone network;
第二個媒體轉換器,在鑑別器決定目的電話裝置位於其他電話網路時,將具備IP位址的傳送媒體轉換成適合該網路之傳送訊號 |
and a communication mechanism configured to connect the given call over an Internet connection without converting the transmitted IP addressed media of the given call to the other network signal, when the discriminator determines that the given destination device addressed by the given destination number resides on the IP addressed network.
以及當鑑別器決定目的電話裝置位於具備IP位址的網際網路上時,用來透過網路傳送前述通話,並且無須將具備IP位址之傳送媒體轉換成其他網路訊號之通訊機制 |
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Source: 科技政策研究與資訊中心—科技產業資訊室整理,2012/05
表二、JPML所裁定集中預審之案件列表
訴訟名稱 |
提告日期 |
案號 |
原繫訟法院 |
系爭專利 |
Comcast Cable Communications LLC v. Bear Creek Technologies Inc. |
2011/8/17 |
1:11-cv-00721 |
U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware |
US 7,889,722 |
Charter Communications Inc. v. Bear Creek Technologies Inc. |
2011/8/17 |
1:11-cv-00722 |
Bear Creek Technologies Inc. v. Vonage Holdings Corporation et al |
2011/8/17 |
1:11-cv-00723 |
Bear Creek Technologies Inc. v. CSC Holdings LLC |
2011/8/17 |
1:11-cv-00724 |
Bear Creek Technologies Inc. v. Mediacom Communications Corporation et al |
2011/8/17 |
1:11-cv-00725 |
Bear Creek Technologies Inc. v. Qwest Communications International Inc. et al |
2011/8/17 |
1:11-cv-00726 |
Bear Creek Technologies Inc. v. T-Mobile USA Inc. |
2011/8/17 |
1:11-cv-00727 |
Bear Creek Technologies Inc. v. 8x8, Inc. |
2011/8/17 |
1:11-cv-00728 |
Bear Creek Technologies Inc. v. AT&T Inc. et al |
2011/8/17 |
1:11-cv-00729 |
Bear Creek Technologies Inc. v. Time Warner Cable Inc. et al |
2011/8/17 |
1:11-cv-00730 |
Bear Creek Technologies, Inc. v. Cox Communications, Inc. et al |
2011/11/3 |
1:11-cv-03784 |
U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Georgia |
Bear Creek Technologies, Inc. v. RCN Corporation et al |
2011/2/22 |
2:11-cv-00103 |
U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia |
Bear Creek Technologies, Inc. v. Aptela, Inc. |
2011/8/17 |
2:11-cv-00460 |
Bear Creek Technologies, Inc. v. Primus Telecommunications, Inc. et al |
2011/8/17 |
2:11-cv-00461 |
Source: 科技政策研究與資訊中心—科技產業資訊室整理,2012/05
表三、與系爭專利相關、移轉管轄至德拉瓦州聯邦地院進行預審之案件列表
訴訟名稱 |
提告日期 |
案號 |
提告法院 |
系爭專利 |
Bear Creek Technologies, Inc. v. Cox Communications, Inc. et al |
1:12-cv-00565 |
2012/5/4 |
U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware |
US 7,889,722 |
Bear Creek Technologies, Inc. v. Aptela, Inc. |
1:12-cv-00566 |
2012/5/7 |
Bear Creek Technologies, Inc. v. Primus Telecommunications, Inc. et al |
1:12-cv-00567 |
2012/5/4 |
Bear Creek Technologies, Inc. v. RCN Corporation et al |
1:12-cv-00568 |
2012/5/4 |
Bear Creek Technologies, Inc. v. Verizon Services Corp. |
1:12-cv-00600 |
2012/5/15 |
Source: 科技政策研究與資訊中心—科技產業資訊室整理,2012/05
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